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Showing posts with label .net. Show all posts
Showing posts with label .net. Show all posts

Understanding Relationship Between CTS and CLS

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CTS and CLS are parts of .NET CLR and are responsible for type safety with in the code. Both allow cross language communication and type safety. In this article I would like to expose the relationship between these two.

CTS

CTS stands for Common Type System. It defines the rules which Common Language Runtime follows when declaring, using, and managing types. The common type system performs the following functions:
  1. It enables cross-language integration, type safety, and high-performance code execution.
  2. It provides an object-oriented model for implementation of many programming languages.
  3. It defines rules that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework. It ensures that objects written in different .NET Languages like C#, VB.NET, F# etc. can interact with each other.

CLS

CLS stands for Common Language Specification and it is a subset of CTS. It defines a set of rules and restrictions that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework. The languages which follows these set of rules are said to be CLS Compliant. In simple words, CLS enables cross-language integration.
For example, one rule is that you cannot use multiple inheritance within .NET Framework. As you know C++ supports multiple inheritance but; when you will try to use that C++ code within C#, it is not possible because C# doesn’t supports multiple inheritance.
One another rule is that you cannot have members with same name with case difference only i.e. you cannot have add() and Add() methods. This easily works in C# because it is case-sensitive but when you will try to use that C# code in VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive.

Why CTS is Called Common Type System?

In .NET, every Data Type is internally represented by a class or structure. All the classes and structures related to Data Types are collectively known as CTS. As you know every language provides its own keywords for Data Types but internally all the languages which run under .NET framework use the classes and structures available in CTS.
For example, C# has int Data Type and VB.Net has Integer Data Type. Hence a variable declared as int in C# or Integer in vb.net, finally after compilation, use the same structure Int32 from CTS.
All the structures and classes available in CTS are common for all .NET Languages and purpose of these is to support language independence in .NET. Hence it is called CTS.
What do you think?
I hope, you have enjoyed the article about CTS and CLS. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

Different Types of JIT Complier

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JIT stands for just-in-time compiler. It converts the MSIL code to CPU native code as it is needed during code execution. It is called just-in-time since it converts the MSIL code to CPU native code; when it is required within code execution otherwise it will not do nothing with that MSIL code.

Different Types of JIT

  1. Normal JIT

    This complies only those methods that are called at runtime. These methods are compiled only first time when they are called, and then they are stored in memory cache. This memory cache is commonly called as JITTED. When the same methods are called again, the complied code from cache is used for execution.


  2. Econo JIT

    This complies only those methods that are called at runtime and removes them from memory after execution.

  3. Pre JIT

    This complies entire MSIL code into native code in a single compilation cycle. This is done at the time of deployment of the application.

What do you think?
I hope, you have enjoyed the article about JIT compiler. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

A Brief Version History of .NET Framework

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.NET is a software development platform developed by Microsoft. It runs on Microsoft Windows OS. .NET provides tools and libraries that allow developers to develop applications and services much easier, faster and secure by using a convenient way.
.NET Framework Version History
.NET Version
Introduced IDE
Features Detail
4.6
Visual Studio 2015
  1. Introduced RyuJIT, a new JIT compiler for 64-bit systems
  2. Introduced Open Source .Net Framework Packages
  3. Support for Code page encodings
  4. Improvements to event tracing
4.5.1
Visual Studio 2013
  1. Includes performance and debugging improvements
  2. Support for automatic binding redirection
  3. Expanded support for Windows Store apps
4.5
Visual Studio 2012
  1. Features Enhancements to CLR 4.0
  2. Async Support
  3. Support for building Windows Store apps
  4. Features Enhancement to WPF, WCF, WF, and ASP.NET
4.0
Visual Studio 2010
  1. Introduced CLR 4.0
  2. Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)
  3. Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR)
  4. Task Parallel Library
3.5
Visual Studio 2008
  1. Built-In AJAX Support
  2. LINQ
  3. Dynamic Data
  4. Multi-targeting Framework Support
3.0
Visual Studio 2005
  1. Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
  2. Windows Communications Foundation (WCF)
  3. Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), and CardSpace
2.0
Visual Studio 2005
  1. Introduced CLR 2.0
  2. Generics and generic collections
  3. Partial classes
  4. Nullable types
  5. Anonymous methods
  6. Introduced many new controls and features to ASP.NET
1.1
Visual Studio .NET 2003
  1. Features Enhancement to ASP.NET and ADO.NET
  2. Built-in support for mobile ASP.NET controls
  3. Security Enhancement
  4. Built-in support for ODBC and databases
  5. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
1.0
Visual Studio .NET
  1. Introduced CLR 1.0
  2. Support for Object-oriented Web application development
  3. Use of DLL class libraries

Note

CLR 3.0 is skipped by Microsoft.
What do you think?
I hope you will enjoy the .NET Framework features. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

Understanding .Net Framework 4.5 Architecture

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.NET framework is an integrated component of Windows operating system that supports the development and execution of next-generation applications, Windows store apps and services.
.NET Framework 4.5 at its core consists of Common Language Runtime (CLR), Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), Base Class Library (BCL), Portable Class Library, Parallel Extension and WinRT.
With .Net Framework 4.0 there are various new additions in BCL which includes DLR, MEF, Parallel Extension, Entity Framework, WCF Data Services and ability to host .NET 4 runtime with .NET 3.5, 3.0, 2.0 runtimes side by side under the same hosting process.

Components of .NET Framework 4.5 Architecture

  1. Common Language Runtime

    This acts as the execution engine for the .NET Framework. All .NET programs executes under the supervision of CLR.

  2. Base Class Library

    This is a library of functionalities which are available to all languages using the .NET Framework. It consists of classes, interfaces of reusable types that integrates with CLR

  3. Portable Class Library

    The Portable Class Library project in Visual Studio 2012 allows you to develop and build managed assemblies that work on multiple .NET Framework platforms. Using a Portable Class Library project, you choose the platforms (such as Windows Phone and .NET for Windows Store apps) to target.

  4. Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)

    MEF is a library for creating lightweight, extensible applications. It allows application developers to discover and use extensions with no configuration required.

  5. Dynamic Language Runtime

    This provides the runtime environment for dynamic languages like python etc. for executing under the full control of CLR.

  6. WinRT

    WinRT or Windows Runtime APIs provides the user interface elements for building Windows Store apps, and provides access to Windows 8 or Windows RT OS features. WinRT supports development in C and other managed languages C# and VB.NET, as well as JavaScript and TypeScript.

  7. Asp.Net

    This is used to build rich internet based web application.

  8. Windows Store Apps (Metro Style Apps)

    A Windows Store app is a new type of application that runs on Windows 8 devices and can take advantage of new WinRT APIs. These can only be distributed in the Windows 8 store.

  9. Desktop Apps (Windows Forms)

    A Windows Desktop app is traditional Windows Forms application with a new name. Software developed for Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 will be categorized as a Windows Desktop app when running in Windows 8. Examples of Windows Desktop apps are Microsoft Office families products, notepad etc.

  10. WPF

    WPF is used to create applications with a rich user experience. It includes application UI, 2D graphics, 3D graphics and multimedia. It takes advantage of hardware acceleration of modern graphic cards. WPF makes the UI faster, scalable and resolution independent.

  11. Silver Light

    This is a cross-browser web based technology which allows designers and developers to deliver Rich Internet Applications (RIA) embedded in Web pages.

  12. Ado.Net

    This is used to create Data Access Layer to query and manipulate data from underlying data source like SQL Server, Oracle, and DB2 etc.

  13. LINQ

    This allows you to query the data from the various data sources (like SQL databases, XML documents, Ado.Net Datasets, Various Web services and any other objects such as Collections, Generics etc.) using a SQL Query like syntax with .Net framework languages like C# and VB.

  14. Ado.Net Entity Framework

    This is used to query and store data into to the relational databases (like SQL Server, Oracle, DB2 etc.) in ORM fashion.

  15. Parallel Extension

    This allows you to distribute your work code across multiple processors to take advantage of the hardware.

  16. WCF

    This is used for building and developing services based on WS-* standards.

  17. Asp.Net WebAPI

    Asp.Net Web API is a framework for building HTTP services that can be consume by a broad range of clients including browsers, mobiles, iphone and tablets.

  18. SignalR

    ASP.NET SignalR is a library that simplifies the process of adding real-time web functionality to applications. Real-time web functionality is the ability to have server code push content to connected clients instantly as it becomes available, rather than having the server wait for a client to request new data.

  19. WF

    This is used to build process oriented business workflow and rules engine.

  20. Visual Studio 2012

    The Visual Studio IDE offers a set of tools that help you to write and modify the code for your programs, and also detect and correct errors in your programs. Using Visual Studio 2012 you can build Windows Store apps, desktop apps, mobile apps, ASP.NET web apps, and web services.
What do you think?
I hope you have enjoyed the .NET Framework 4.5 architecture. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

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.NET DEVELOPMENT

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Microsoft .NET

Introduction to Microsoft .NET

  1. Understanding Microsoft .NET
  2. .NET Cross platform support
  3. Advantages of Microsoft .NET

Introduction to .NET Framework

  1. Understanding .NET Framework
  2. .NET Framework Version History
  3. .NET Framework 4.5 Architecture
  4. Common Language Runtime (CLR)
  5. CLR Components
  6. Microsoft Intermediate language (MSIL)
  7. Common Type System (CTS)
  8. Common Language Specification (CLS)
  9. Relationship Between CTS and CLS
  10. Framework Class Library (FCL)
  11. Just In Time Compilation (JIT)

IDE Environment: Visual Studio 2015

Introduction to Visual Studio 2015

  1. Understanding Visual Studio
  2. Visual Studio Version History
  3. Understanding Visual Studio Editions
  4. Advantage of Visual Studio
  5. Understanding Visual Studio Features
  6. Visual Studio Explorer – Solution, Team, Server
  7. Coding and Debugging
  8. Types of Projects in Visual Studio
  9. Creating a Project and Solution
  10. Toolbox
  11. Property Window

C# Programming Language

Introduction to C#

  1. History of C# Version
  2. C# - What, Why & When
  3. Structure of a C# Program
  4. Basic Input / Output Operations
  5. Compiling, Running, and Debugging

Data Type, Variable & Typecasting

  1. Understanding Data Type
  2. Types of Data Type – Value Type & Reference Type
  3. Naming a variable
  4. Boxing and Unboxing
  5. Data Conversions – Implicit & Explicit
  6. Safe Type Casting with IS and AS Operator

Assemblies

  1. Types of Assemblies
  2. Shared Assembly, Private Assembly & Satellite Assembly
  3. Assembly Manifest, Metadata
  4. Assembly Cache

Namespaces

  1. Creating Namespace
  2. Advantages of Namespace

Garbage Collection

  1. Understanding Garbage Collection (GC)
  2. Advantage of Garbage Collector
  3. Generations in Garbage Collector
  4. Garbage Collector Working Phase
  5. Garbage Collection Algorithm
  6. Finalize and Dispose Method

Operators

  1. Different Types of Operators
  2. Operators precedence

Conditional Statements

  1. Introduction to conditional statement
  2. If statements
  3. If..else statement
  4. If..else ladder
  5. Switch statement

Loops

  1. Introduction to loop
  2. do...while loop
  3. while loop
  4. Making star patterns

Jump Statements

  1. break statements
  2. continue statement

Loops Contd.

  1. for loop
  2. foreach loop
  3. Making number patterns

Arrays

  1. Introduction to Array
  2. One Dimensional Array
  3. Multi-Dimensional Array
  4. Jagged Array

Strings

  1. Introduction to strings
  2. Mutable strings
  3. Immutable strings
  4. Strings methods

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

  1. Introduction to object oriented programming
  2. Classes and Objects
  3. Inheritance
  4. Polymorphism
  5. Abstraction
  6. Encapsulation

Class and Objects

  1. Creating a class
  2. Access Modifiers
  3. Instance members
  4. Creating an object

Constructor and Destructor

  1. Introduction to Constructor
  2. Types of Constructor
  3. Default Constructor
  4. Parameterised Constructor
  5. Introduction to Destructor
  6. Creating Destructor

Methods

  1. Introduction to Methods
  2. Methods Categories
  3. Methods Parameters
  4. Optional Parameters
  5. Call By Value
  6. Call By Reference

Polymorphism

  1. Introduction to Polymorphism
  2. Types of Polymorphism
  3. Methods Overloading
  4. Methods Overriding
  5. Abstract, override and new keywords

Inheritance

  1. Introduction to Inheritance
  2. Types of inheritance
  3. Single Level Inheritance
  4. Multi-Level Inheritance
  5. Multiple Inheritance
  6. Hybrid Inheritance
  7. Advantage of Inheritance
  8. Sealed class and private constructor

Property

  1. Introduction to Property
  2. Types of Property
  3. Read-Write Property
  4. Read Only Property
  5. Write Only Property
  6. Advantages of Property

Indexer

  1. Introduction to Indexer
  2. Types of Indexer
  3. Advantages of Indexer

Abstract Class

  1. Introduction to Abstract Class
  2. Creating Abstract class
  3. Need of Abstract class
  4. Advantages of abstract class

Interface

  1. Introduction to Interface
  2. Creating Interface
  3. Need of Interface
  4. Abstract class vs. Interface

Static Class

  1. Introduction to static class
  2. Creating static class and static methods
  3. Need of static class
  4. Normal class vs. Static class

Partial Class

  1. Introduction to partial class
  2. Creating partial class
  3. Need of partial class

Structure

  1. Introduction to structure
  2. Creating structure
  3. Structure vs. Class

Enum

  1. Introduction to enum
  2. Creating enum
  3. Need of enum

Exception Handling

  1. Understanding Exceptions
  2. Try, Catch and Finally block
  3. Throw exception
  4. Handling Exception
  5. Custom Exception

Delegates

  1. Introduction to delegates
  2. Types of delegates
  3. Single Delegate
  4. Multicast Delegate

Generic Delegates

  1. Introduction to generic delegates
  2. Func
  3. Action
  4. Predicate

Events

  1. Introduction to events
  2. Creating Events
  3. Event Handler

Anonymous Method and Lambda Expression

  1. Anonymous Method
  2. Lambda Expression

Attributes

  1. Introduction to attributes
  2. Creating attribute class
  3. Need of attributes

Reflection

  1. Introduction to reflection
  2. Viewing Metadata

Collections

  1. Introduction to .NET Collections
  2. Introduction to Collection Classes – Array List, Hash Table, Dictionary, Stack, Queue
  3. Introduction to Collection Interfaces – IEnumerable, IQuerable, IList, ICollection
  4. Relations between Collection Interfaces and Classes
  5. Using Collection classes – Array List, Hash Table & Dictionary

Collections Contd.

  1. Using Collection classes – Stack, Queue
  2. Using Collection Interfaces – IEnumerable, IQuerable, IList, ICollection

Generics

  1. Understanding .NET Generics
  2. Using Generics classes
  3. Using Generics Interfaces
  4. Generics Advantages
  5. Collections vs. Generics